Prozone International has been in business for 15 years and is the leading manufacturer of very-ultraviolet ozone generator systems. Vistek Corp is an associated company which handles all custom and commercial installations for Prozone. Vistek/Prozone has a wide range of experience in the application of ozone in aquaculture, cooling towers, drinking water sanitation, industrial plant discharge, medical devices, residential and commercial pools, spas, and research. Vistek/Prozone's offices and manufacturing facilities are located in Huntsville, Alabama.

Prozone systems are easy to operate and require little maintenance. The arc lamp is totally isolated from vibration, corrosion, temperature, shock, and handling by service personnel. The unique construction of the VUV ozone generator tube makes it the most effective, reliable, and safe unit in the industry. Built to UL Standards using aerospace quality control techniques, all units are burned in and tested to stringent requirements. With less than a 1 percent return rate, the statistical dependency speaks for itself. Plus, All units come with a full two year warranty all parts and hardware. Features include:

-UL Cord and Connectors -Field Wiring Cavity -Strain Relief -UL Listed Ballast -Cantilever Shock Mounts -Double Layered Insulation -Bonded Electrical Connections -Teflon Wiring -Fire and Ozone Resistant Housing -20,000 Hour Cathode

Some common applications for Prozone ozonators are as follows:

1. Drinking Water Systems: Designs for well water, point-of- entry, and point-of-use systems are available. Systems for small distribution systems (up to 30,000 gallons per day) are also available. An example for use in this category is a set of houses in a remote area operating on a well system or surface water.

2. Cooling Towers: Ozone treatment of cooling towers will reduce chemical usage, control the growth of bacteria, eliminate existing scale (in most cases), prevent the recurrence of scale, improve heat exchanger performance and inhibit corrosion.

3. Aquaculture: Ozone treatment of fish hatcheries and farms will increase the pounds of fish yielded per gallon of water. Ozone will reduce the spread of disease and improve oxygen levels.

4. Aquariums: Prozone can provide ozone systems for commercial aquariums and home aquariums. Other applications which have the potential for ozonation are tanks in zoos and display tanks.

5. Therapy Pools: Hospital and nursing home therapy pool ozonation can reduce chemical requirements to levels which are not noticeable to the user. Irritation and other problems associated with chemical usage will be eliminated.

6. Bottled Water: Ozonation of bottled water is common.

7. Metals Removal: Iron, manganese, silver, and zinc may be removed to varying degrees in a single pass system. Iron, copper, and manganese can be reduced by 99 percent, while zinc and silver will be reduced by approximately 60-70 percent.

8. Discharge Control: For non-wastewater applications, ozone can be used to help discharge water from dry cleaners, greenhouses, manufacturing operations etc to meet EPA requirements. An example is an installation Prozone performed for FMC in Anniston, Alabama. Ozonation was used to treat 1.4 million gallon per day of plant water (drinking, cooling towers, process) so that it met EPA requirements for discharge. Installation such as this are invariably unique. Consult with the factory in order to determine suitability of ozonation for the application.

9. Odor Control: Ozone can be used in hotel rooms, automobiles, locker rooms, kitchens, offices, pet stores, rest rooms, and restaurants to control or eliminate odor. Depending on the application, ozone can be pumped directly into the air or put through a treatment system which confines the ozone to a treatment cell (available from Prozone) or placed on a timed cycle.

10. Air Treatment: Ozone can be used to reduce hydrocarbons, alcohol, and volatile compounds from the air.

11. Diesel Tanks: Ozone can be used to ozonate diesel fuel tanks for the removal of bacteria.

12. Bacteria/Virus Reduction: Ozone can be used in air and water environments to reduce bacteria and virus counts.

13. Descaling: Ozone can be used to prevent scaling or remove scaling from existing systems in most cases.

14. Swimming Pools and Spas: Prozone units can handle any size spa or swimming pool. Customer can expect a 60-85 percent reduction in chemical usage, better water quality and clarity.

Disqualifying Applications:

1. Wastewater Treatment: Prozone is not capable of treating wastewater on a municipal scale. Smaller applications for potable/ process water are treatable i.e. septic tanks, small municipalities.

2. Water Softening: Ozone is not a water softener but can be operated in conjunction with them.

3. Desalinization: Ozone can be used to ozonate salt water, but it will not remove salt from water. Ozonation can be used in conjunction with reverse osmosis.

4. Lead/Heavy Metals Removal: Ozone cannot remove lead or other heavy metals to meet drinking water or surface water discharge requirements. Check with the factory if the application is to meet discharge requirements.

Field Water Treatment System

1. GENERAL: The system will continuously treat up to 350 Gal/Min of water. It is designed to treat well, river, or lake water to meet US EPA drinking water standards. The water will also be aesthetic, however, differences in the source water and chlorine content may result in a variety of "tastes". The unit is built so that components can be added or removed to optimize the treatment process while keeping cost to a minimum. Schematics of systems built around our specifications are attached. The unit operates as an open-loop (flow through) system.

2. OZONATION: The uses very-ultraviolet ozone generators for primary sanitation. The combined output of the generators will range from .5 to 12 grams/hours. Diffusion will be used in the primary treatment tank in order to remove contaminants. Venturi injectors connected in a bypass configuration to the tank (see schematic) will achieve a contact density of.4 mg/L and reduce stubborn contaminants.

3. HOLDING TANK: A holding tank may be used to provide additional contact time for the ozonators. The tank is part of the processing loop and allows water to continuously flow through the system. Tanks will be sized to provide 5-30 minutes of retention time (up to 10,500 gal for 350 gal/min). Ozone will be introduced into the tank by diffusion. Diffusion will provide a rapid kill of most pathogens (approximately 95 percent) in 20 to 30 minutes. Up to a 4 log reduction in bacteria and viruses will be provided through the use of bypass loops (Patented by Prozone) connected to the tank. Sanitation with ozone is a function of ozone concentration and duration of treatment. Therefore, tank size can generally be reduced by adding generator cartridges to the system.

OPTION 1 - Oxygen Concentrator: Ozone concentration can be increased further through the use of oxygen concentrators. This will allow further reductions in tank size and may be especially useful if mobility is a concern when higher flow rates are required. OPTION 2 - Chlorine: Post-chlorination of the water is recommended. This will extend the shelf-life of the water and allow the water to be treated prior to pick-up. Two methods are available:

a. Free Chlorine - Liquid: Free chlorine (sodium hypochlorite) will allow a holding time of approximately one week. The chlorine can be introduced with a peristaltic pump prior to ozonation.

b. Free Chlorine - Powder: Calcium hypochlorite can be used in the place of sodium hypochlorite. A funnel/shaker can be used for automatic feeding. This type of chlorine provides the most aesthetically pleasing chlorinated water.

Copyright, Trademark, Patents of Vistek Corp c. Chloramines: Chloramines will provide a holding time of 3-4 weeks. Free chlorine and ammonia will be introduced after ozonation to produce chloramines. The ozonation cycle will be placed on a timer with this option to periodically ozonate the water during holding. This will produce free chlorine for improved sanitation. Prior to using the water, the system should be ozonated as chloramines introduce a bad "taste" to the water. which will be eliminated with this step. NOTE: Chlorination should also be used on systems with distribution systems, or if the water will not be used the same day it is transported.

OPTION 3 - Ozone Generator Spares: Spare ozone generating cartridges can be shipped with the unit at the price indicated in the cost estimate. The purchase of 1 - 2 spare ozone generators per unit is recommended. Spares can be shipped within 5 days if they are not ordered with the system.

4. FILTRATION: Three filtration options are available. The following describes each system:

a. Multi-Media Filter: The special high rate crushed rock filter system was selected for adaptability and use in remote areas and rugged environments with reliance on readily available filter media (crushed rock or sand). The crushed rock can be utilized for extended periods if backwashing is performed periodically. Crushed rock, sand, gravel, synthetic powders can be shipped with the unit or placed in the filter on site. b. Diatomaceous Earth (DE): A DE filter will provide a finer degree of filtration. It requires periodic backwashing and replacement of the DE. A carbon mix can be added to enhance final polishing and destroy any residual ozone.

c. Cartridge: Utilizes a fibrous-cellulose, solid state, synthetic fiber, or carbon impregnated fibers as the filter media. Requires replacement periodically.

5. SLURRY: A slurry may be required for water which is heavily loaded with organic material, colloids, etc.

6. PUMPS: Pumps will be provided as required. A typical system will require one pump to draw water out of the tank. If the water is pulled from a river or lake, additional pumps may be required. The bypass loops are also run with pumps.

7. SET-UP: The system will be designed for easy set-up and disassembly (30-40 minutes).

Copyright, Trademark, Patents of Vistek Corp 8. OPERATION: The system will be constructed for connection to an existing well-head, municipal water, or pumped, filtered surface water. Start-up will consist of turning on the master switch, pump, and the ozonator banks. Water may be used immediately.

9. MAINTENANCE: Maintenance will be minimal. The ozonators will require a check to ensure all ozone cartridges are running. Sand-filters will have to be backwashed periodically while DE filters will require infrequent backwashing and replacement of the DE. Failure to backwash will result in reduced flow rates within the system. Units will be shipped with a manual backwash system.

OPTION 4 - Automatic Backwash: The filters can be set to automatically backwash.

10. ELECTRICAL: The system will operate on 220VAC/60Hz. Connector will be provided as specified. 110/60 and 220/50 units are available.

11. MOUNTING: The system may be mounted on a pallet with skids or built in a modular form for assembly on site.

12. MANUALS: Operation and Maintenance manuals will be provided.

OPTION 5 - Tech Support: Personnel can be provided for on site installation and training if required. 13. WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS: Weight and dimensions will vary depending on flow rates, water quality, desired water quality, and mobility requirements. Contact the factory for an initial estimate.

14. OTHER: The unit is not built for desalinization. Our ozonators are adaptable to reverse osmosis units and can be added to provide sanitation for pre-treatment and post-treatment. They will also reduce the maintenance required on the membranes, extend their life, and provide higher quality water.

15. SCHEMATIC: Schematic shown was developed for a specific requirement. Equipment will be added or deleted as required to meet your specification.

BULLETIN: PZ93-4 EFF DATE: 2 MAR 93

TITLE: Summary of Prozone V.U.V. Generated Ozone

* INHERENTLY LOW VOLTAGE AND SAFE TO OPERATE.

* A LOSS OF A LAMP (OR LAMPS) DOES NOT PREVENT THE REST OF THE SYSTEM FROM OPERATING.

* THERE IS NO OPERATOR SERVICE OR ADJUSTMENT EXCEPT PERIODIC EXAMINATION OF GENERATOR CARTRIDGE OUTPUT INDICATION.

* PROZONE U.V. GENERATOR CARTRIDGES CAN BE REPLACED BY MINIMALLY TRAINED SERVICE STAFF.

* NO POTENTIAL FOR OVER-OZONATION BY THE OPERATOR OR USERS.

* CONSTANT, PURE OZONE PRODUCTION THAT HAS NO HARMFUL BY- PRODUCTS.

* OPERATION UNDER ALMOST ANY ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION.

* U.L. LISTED.

* MEETS N.S.F. STANDARDS, WHERE APPLICABLE. * CLOSED LOOP OPERATION (NO OUTPUT CHARCOAL CHAMBERS OR CONTACT TANKS) ALLOWS FULL UTILIZATION OF THE OZONE AS A FLOCCULENT (MICRO PRECIPITATION) AND OXIDIZER OF COMBINED CHLORINE THUS GREATLY REDUCING THE USE OF CHLORINE.

* SIMPLE TO INSTALL BY UNTRAINED STAFF.

* RUGGED.

* LOW POWER CONSUMPTION.

* MODULAR AND EASILY SIZED UP.

* CAPABLE OF MULTIPLE INJECTION POINTS.

* CAN BE MOUNTED ANYWHERE IN ANY ORIENTATION.

BULLETIN: PZ95-1 EFF DATE: 1 JAN 85 LAST REV: 1 JUN 94 TITLE: Summary of Ozone Generation

1. What is Ozone? Ozone is a molecule of oxygen having three oxygen atoms rather than the usual diatomic (2 oxygen) atoms. Since ozone (atomic oxygen) is unstable under normal conditions, it cannot be shipped or stored. Therefore, it must be generated on-site. The short life span of ozone is indicative of very fast reaction times. Ozone is a very strong oxidant. Its oxidation potential (Redox) is only exceeded by elemental fluorine and short lived OH radicals. Its partial pressure is much lower than that of diatomic oxygen and it is absorbed by water, through a bubble interface, fifty times faster than diatomic oxygen.

2. How is Ozone Generated? Ozone is generated by irradiation of oxygen by Very-Ultraviolet (VUV) light (less than 200 nanometer wavelength). The ozone generating lamp creates two lines of optical radiation, 185 and 254 nanometer. The 185 NM (VUV) produces the ozone and the 254 (UV) degenerates the ozone. Thus the ozone output is a function of lamp construction, power supplied, chamber construction, temperature and air flow rates. In general larger sizes, higher pressure, higher air flow and higher power will produce greater ozone output while higher power, lower air flow and higher temperatures will reduce reliability. Ozone output can be increased by enriching air oxygen content or removing moisture in the feed air, but complexity versus increasing lamp size dictates that these additions are not cost or performance justified. 3. System Design: A non-replaceable lamp offers a tremendous safety feature in our system. It is impossible to come in contact with the ultraviolet light which alleviates the dangers of changing lamps. Example: Burning of the eyes and skin. In addition, the chamber which does get replaced allows us to totally isolate the lamp and allows for hypot test acceptance which no other manufacturer tests for. Unit is designed so that no more than a 20 percent degradation in output will occur over the life of the unit. This is accounted for when specifying units for a job.

4. Closed-Loop Bypass: The closed-loop bypass optimizes the mass transfer of ozone to water by utilizing high flow velocity combined with a turbulent interface. In a typical pool installation, the ozone provides primary sanitation in the bypass-loop. By the time the ozonated water reaches the spa or pool, all ozone will have been used up in chemical reactions. For this reason, chlorine or bromine is applied to provide residual sanitation. The effectiveness of these chemicals is enhanced because ozone acts synergistically with them. Research we performed with NASA showed

Copyright, Trademark, Patents of Vistek Corp that ozone keeps chlorine and bromine in the free or ionic state (normally they form chloramines or bromamines), which is the most effective state for sanitation. This prevents organism regrowth in the water until the water passes through the bypass again. An additional benefit is that the offensive odors and irritation normally associated with chloramines and bromamines are eliminated. Finally, since ionic chlorine and bromine stay in solution longer, the poundage required to maintain a given concentration is reduced considerably (65-90 percent).

5. Closed-Loop Bypass Performance: The closed-loop bypass contactor utilizes extended contact time and an injection system which increases the concentration of ozone in the bypass line to ensure: o Contact time and concentrations required to meet any level of organic loading are achieved (this result is unique to the closed-loop bypass contactor); o The forced micro-precipitation of all pathogens, pyrogens, inorganic salts and oxidized metal. o Low levels of ozone are utilized completely.

The closed-loop bypass contactor continuously oxidizes water ensuring the destruction of organics which can generate low levels of assimilable carbons, formaldehyde, acetones, etc. These byproducts will combine with other byproducts in the effluent stream and precipitate during the extended contact time. 6. How Does Ozone React in Water? When applied to water, ozone is a powerful oxidizer that reacts with contaminants and produces harmless, precipitated molecules and releases standard oxygen as a by-product. Ozone in water is a powerful, fast acting (<1/10 second) oxidizer that is non-selective (kills all small organisms: bacteria, fungus, molds, etc.). Following is a summary of ozone's capabilities:

o Reduces to insoluble forms (normalizes) metal and destroys hydrocarbons by disassociation (breaking up) o It solidifies (mineralizes) dissolved organics causing them to coagulate and precipitate o It raises the oxidation potential of water, generating micro-flocculation (micro-precipitation) of destroyed pathogens and pyrogens that can be easily filtered o Reaction time is so rapid that it does not leave an ozone residual except for increased redox potential

7. Ozone as a Disinfectant and Sanitizer: Disinfection with ozone is faster than with chlorine. Ozone disinfection occurs by cell lysing or rupture of the cell wall. Chlorine diffuses through the cell wall and causes death by the inactivation of the microorganism's enzymes. The relative potency of a disinfectant in pure water, that has no ozone demand can be evaluated in terms of a lethality coefficient. Ozone displays an all-or-nothing effect in terms of destroying bacteria. This effect can be attributed to its high oxidation potential. Ozone is such a strong germicide that only a few micrograms per liter are required to measure germicidal action. Bacterially contaminated water almost always contains dissolved organic material that exerts an initial ozone demand. In some rare cases, inorganic species also may exert an initial demand. While the initial ozone demand is being satisfied, the rate of disinfection is relatively slow. During this time, ozone achieves some killing of microorganisms while reacting with the non-living organic materials in the water. After the initial demand has been satisfied, the kill rate is very fast.

8. Ozone Oxidation: Ozone reacts best as an electron transfer acceptor (for oxidation of metal ions), as an electrophile (for the oxidation of phenol and other activated aromatics) and as a dipole addition reagent (by addition to carbon-carbon multiple bonds). Ozone has been used to oxidize sulfides, nitrites (to nitrate), cyanides (to cyanate) and some detergents and pesticides. Basic research has shown that ozone decomposes by a complex mechanism that involves the generation of hydroxyl radicals that are among the most reactive oxidizing species.

Decomposition of ozone can be initiated by hydroxide ions, formate ions, or a variety of other species. In pure water, long chain reactions are produced. A single initiation step can cause the decomposition of hundreds of molecules of ozone before the chain ends.

9. Ozonation of Organic Matter: When natural organic materials are present, ozone decomposition is accelerated and the chemistry becomes more complex. In this instance, there are several reactions that can occur when ozone is added to waste waters. These are:

o Free or complex metal ions can be oxidized, thus initiating a chain decomposition of ozone; o The hydroxyl radical can react with aromatic groups; o The hydroxyl radical can react with fatty acids, usually by hydrogen atom reaction; and, Ozone can react with carbon-carbon double bonds in the humic molecule.

If anthropogenic organic materials are present in water, they will also be destroyed by ozone with the reaction described above. Thus, it is possible, in principle, to induce ozone to act according to an entirely different kind of chemistry than it usually shows in pure aqueous solutions. Indeed, in actual water treatment, applied ozone probably never acts according to the classical chemistry that one finds in textbooks.

10. Precipitation and Turbidity: Turbidity in water is removed by ozonation through a combination of chemical oxidation and charge neutralization. Colloidal particles that cause turbidity are maintained in suspension by negatively charged particles that are neutralized by ozone. Ozone further destroys colloidal materials by oxidizing the organic materials that occur on the surface of the Copyright, Trademark, Patents of Vistek Corp colloidal spherical particles. Many heavy metals are oxidized to their less soluble, higher oxidation states and the insoluble oxides or hydroxides that form can be removed by filtration or turbine separator centrifuge. The partial ozone oxidation of organic pollutants that are dissolved in water produces polar compounds. Thus, ozonation promotes efficiency of organic removal by acting as a lever to coagulate alum, ferric, hydroxide, calcium carbonate, etc., compounds that are largely dependent upon the polarity of the dissolved organics. 11. Metal Oxide Precipitation: Soluble species can be oxidized to form insoluble species that will then be deposited in a filter or settled in a turbine separator. Example: Iron can be completely oxidized (ferric) by ozone and may also be removed by multimedia filtration processes.

12. Ozone as an Algaecide: Ozone will act as an algaecide to reduce algae growth, but as in all pool water environments it still requires a periodic chlorine shock.

Customer Evaluation for Specifying Ozonator Applications

1. General: When using this evaluation, reference the "Sales Guide for Evaluation of Ozone Usage". The guide which follows is cross-referenced to this evaluation and provides information required to evaluate a customer and provide required information to the factory for system sizing.

a. Provide a brief description of the system to which ozone will be applied. b. Provide a brief description of desired goal i.e. descaling, sanitation of water, bacteria reduction etc.

c. If possible, provide a schematic of system, or for air applications, a diagram of area to be ozonated.

d. Indicate space or noise restrictions (if any).

e. If unit is to be placed indoors, indicate size of area and ventilation available. f. Indicate power available - 120VAC/60Hz, 220VAC/50Hz, 220VAC/60Hz, Vdc, Other

2. Suitability of Ozone to Application (Water)

a. Is the system a closed-loop or open loop (flow through)?

b. If the system is an open-loop, is there a retention tank?

c. Is it possible to add a retention tank?

d. How fast does the water in the existing tank(s) turnover? -Indicate volume of tanks in system and location -Indicate maximum/minimum turnover time -Does the tank have provisions for air relief?

e. Is the system pressurized?

f. What is the operating pressure?

g. What size pumps operate in the system?

h. Do the pumps operate continuously or intermittently?

i. What are the maximum and minimum flow rates in the system? j. Is the system filtered?

k. Indicate size and type of filter.

Copyright, Trademark, Patents of Vistek Corp l. What is the current water quality? Identify contaminants or provide a general description of problem. m. What is the desired water quality and its intended use?

n. Provide a list of the primary materials from which the system is constructed i.e. plastic, stainless steel, copper etc.

3. Suitability of Ozone Application (Air)

a. Indicate square footage of area requiring ozonation

b. Describe current air quality and known contaminants

c. Indicate desired result

d. Describe any ventilation systems and indicate locations on floor plan (including inlets and outlets) e. Indicate occupancy time

f. Indicate general construction i.e. painted, vinyl, wallpaper NOTES ON CUSTOMER QUALIFICATION: This checklist and the evaluation guide which follows are a basic guide for determining the customers needs and evaluating the benefits they may derive from ozonation. In general, we recommend you obtain as much of the information requested and relay it to the factory for evaluation. An answer will generally be provided the same day, with a response guaranteed for no later than the next business day. The reason for this is that there are numerous factors to be considered which are frequently experienced based. Working with us initially will allow you to see the factors we consider, thereby providing you with an experience base so that you can better evaluate and provide preliminary specifications for units on site. Generally, a customer should be disqualified from consideration only for the factors mentioned in your evaluation guide.

NOTES ON PROZONE'S SERVICES: Prozone has many standard products, but it is primarily geared to providing custom designed ozonator packages, as will be the case for most of your installations. Quotations which require additional equipment will generally be supplied in 1 to 3 days. Turn-key packages will be shipped for all custom jobs. Installations will require minimal electrical and mechanical skills.

NOTES ON VUV OZONE UNITS: Ozone is a frequently encountered gas (copiers, fluorescent lamps, smog, lightning) consisting of an energized form of oxygen. It is beneficial at low levels, slightly irritating at moderate levels, and toxic in high concentrations. Properly designed Very-ultraviolet ozone generators never produce toxic levels of ozone. All systems are designed to utilize ozone at a low level and are not irritating while in operation.

Copyright, Trademark, Patents of Vistek Corp Sales Guide for Evaluation of Ozone Usage

1. General:

Description of Injection Methods: There are two basic methods which Prozone uses to introduce ozone into water. The first method is by diffusion. In this method the ozone is forced through a porous metal disk which creates extremely fine bubbles. As the bubbles rise, the ozone is absorbed into the water were it reacts. Ideally, a column height of 3 feet or more is available so that there is adequate time for the ozone adsorption.

The second method, (patented by Prozone which is more efficient and is especially suited to tougher treatment jobs, is the bypass venturi. This method bypasses part of the system flow or draws the water out of a tank with a pump and runs it through the venturi and back into the tank. Reference the drawing which follows for a typical installation. Note that there are numerous variations on this installation which are suitable for a variety of applications. Items (a) and (b): Prozone's systems are suitable for most air and water applications. Since it would be impossible to list every application here, a brief summary of common applications is provided. If a request us similar to, or falls under one of the applications listed, Prozone can probably provide a system which will achieve the desired result (limiting parameters for some common uses are included). If you are unsure, contact the factory and they will have an answer for you no later than the next business day. Finally, a list of applications and parameters which disqualify a system from consideration are also included.

Common Applications:

1. Swimming Pools and Spas: Prozone units can handle any size spa or swimming pool. Customer can expect a 60-85 percent reduction in chemical usage, better water quality and clarity.

2. Drinking Water Systems: Designs for well water, point-of- entry, and point-of-use systems are available. Systems for small distribution systems (up to 30,000 gallons per day) are also available. An example for use in this category is a set of houses in a remote area operating on a well system or surface water.

3. Cooling Towers: Ozone treatment of cooling towers will reduce chemical usage, control the growth of bacteria, eliminate existing scale (in most cases), prevent the recurrence of scale, improve heat exchanger performance and inhibit corrosion.

4. Aquaculture: Ozone treatment of fish hatcheries and farms will increase the pounds of fish yielded per gallon of water. Ozone will reduce the spread of disease and improve oxygen levels.

Copyright, Trademark, Patents of Vistek Corp 5. Aquariums: Prozone can provide ozone systems for commercial aquariums and home aquariums. Other applications which have the potential for ozonation are tanks in zoos and display tanks.

6. Therapy Pools: Hospital and nursing home therapy pool ozonation can reduce chemical requirements to levels which are not noticeable to the user. Irritation and other problems associated with chemical usage will be eliminated.

7. Bottled Water: Ozonation of bottled water is common.

8. Metals Removal: Iron, manganese, silver, and zinc may be removed to varying degrees in a single pass system. Iron, copper, and manganese can be reduced by 99 percent, while zinc and silver will be reduced by approximately 60-70 percent.

9. Discharge Control: For non-wastewater applications, ozone can be used to help discharge water from dry cleaners, greenhouses, manufacturing operations etc to meet EPA requirements. An example is an installation Prozone performed for FMC in Anniston, Alabama. Ozonation was used to treat 1.4 million gallon per day of plant water (drinking, cooling towers, process) so that it met EPA requirements for discharge. Installation such as this are invariably unique. Consult with the factory in order to determine suitability of ozonation for the application.

10. Odor Control: Ozone can be used in hotel rooms, automobiles, locker rooms, kitchens, offices, pet stores, rest rooms, and restaurants to control or eliminate odor. Depending on the application, ozone can be pumped directly into the air or put through a treatment system which confines the ozone to a treatment cell (available from Prozone) or placed on a timed cycle.

11. Air Treatment: Ozone can be used to reduce hydrocarbons, alcohol, and volatile compounds from the air.

12. Diesel Tanks: Ozone can be used to ozonate diesel fuel tanks for the removal of bacteria.

13. Bacteria/Virus Reduction: Ozone can be used in air and water environments to reduce bacteria and virus counts.

14. Descaling: Ozone can be used to prevent scaling or remove scaling from existing systems in most cases.

Disqualifying Applications:

1. Wastewater Treatment: Prozone is not capable of treating wastewater on a municipal scale. Smaller applications for potable/ process water are treatable i.e. septic tanks, small municipalities.

2. Water Softening: Ozone is not a water softener but can be operated in conjunction with them.

Copyright, Trademark, Patents of Vistek Corp

3. Desalinization: Ozone can be used to ozonate salt water, but it will not remove salt from water. Ozonation can be used in conjunction with reverse osmosis.

4. Lead/Heavy Metals Removal: Ozone cannot efficiently remove lead or other heavy metals to meet drinking water or surface water discharge requirements. Check with the factory if the application is to meet discharge requirements.

NOTE: If any of these applications are the sole goal of the customer, they should consider other methods of treatment (except in the case of wastewater where large generators designed for this purpose may be used).

Item (c): Forward schematics to the factor for evaluation.

Items (d) and (e): Generally, space and noise restrictions will not pose a problem. Consult the specification sheets for dimensions. Units are relatively quiet and will pose a problem only in special circumstances. Extra sound dampening measures can be added if such restrictions exist.

Item (f): All units may be configured for any common domestic power supply. If there is an unusual voltage or phase requirement consult factory. Prozone can accommodate most power supplies.

2. Suitability of Ozone to Water Applications

Items (a) to (d): Prozone units are particularly well suited to closed-loop applications. Closed-loop for installation purposes defines a system in which the majority of the water is reused on a regular basis (i.e. cooling tower, swimming pool). Open-loop systems are systems in which the water flows through once. Since the effectiveness of ozone is a function of time and concentration, a flow through system may be treated most effectively if a retention tank is available or may be added to the system to provide adequate contact time (CT=Concentration X Time). Typically, we allow for 20 to 30 minutes of retention time and set the ozone concentration (or dose rate) accordingly. Tank turnovers which are quicker than 20 minutes may require additional measures to ensure adequate ozonation. Air relief is important as the ozonator will increase the pressure in a tank which is not open to the atmosphere. Prozone can supply air relief valves which may be retrofitted to existing equipment. If the customer requires treatment in a flow through situation, contact the factory for a determination.

Items (e) and (f): The ability to provide ozone to pressurized system easily is an advantage of VUV generated ozone. Prozone can handle systems operating under pressures up to 100 PSI with bypass kits and diffusers. Above 100 PSI, contact the factory. Systems with pressures above 150 PSI generally cannot be ozonated. Provisions for air relief will be required for any pressurized system. Additional pumps may be required in other cases.

Copyright, Trademark, Patents of Vistek Corp

Items (g) to (i): Systems which circulate intermittently and do not have retention tanks will generally require a running time of 6-8 hours per day to obtain benefits from ozonation. This is generally relevant for pools. Maximum and minimum flow rates are required to determine the method of ozone injection.

Items (j) and (k): Filtration may have to be added to a system in cases where there is no settling area or the precipitant generated from ozone will cause a problem. An example is iron removal. If the users desire is to remove iron from drinking water, filtration will have to be part of the package in order to remove the resulting iron oxide precipitant. Items (l) and (m): See disqualifying applications.

Item (n): Most materials can be used with ozone with a proper injection system.

3. Suitability of Ozone Application (Air)

Items (a) to (e): Square footage will determine the number and distribution of the ozonators to be installed. Contaminants which can be destroyed are hydrocarbons, nicotine, alcohols, airborne fungus, molds, bacteria and viruses (not to the same degree as in water), and generally odors whose origins are organic in nature. Occupancy will indicate the time available for ozonation. See applications 10, 11 and 13.

Copyright, Trademark, Patents of Vistek Corp